This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals.

Laura Silver, Senior Researcher Christine Huang, Research Assistant Kyle Taylor, Research Analyst

Sara Atske, Assistant Digital Producer James Bell, Vice President, Global Strategy Peter Bell, Design Director Shawnee Cohn, Communications Manager Stefan Cornibert, Communications Manager Claudia Deane, Vice President, Research Courtney Johnson, Research Associate Michael Keegan, Senior Information Graphics Designer David Kent, Copy Editor Martha McRoy, Research Methodologist Patrick Moynihan, Associate Director, International Research Methods Stacy Pancratz, Research Methodologist Andrew Perrin, Research Analyst Audrey Powers, Senior Operations Associate Lee Rainie, Director, Internet and Technology Research Ariana Rodriguez-Gitler, Digital Producer Aaron Smith, Associate Director, Research Richard Wike, Director, Global Attitudes Research

Pew Research Center also received helpful advice and feedback for this report from a panel of expert advisers: Michael Kende, Visiting Professor at the Graduate Institute, Geneva; Christopher Yoo, John H. Chestnut Professor of Law, Communication, and Computer & Information Science, and Director, Center of Technology, Innovation & Competition at the University of Pennsylvania; and Joshua A. Tucker, Professor of Politics, Director of the Jordan Center of the Advanced Study of Russia and Co-Director of the Social Media and Political Participation (SMaPP) lab at New York University. While the analysis was guided by our consultations with these advisers, Pew Research Center is solely responsible for the interpretation and reporting of the data.